Before resorting to chemicals, try pouring a kettle or two of boiling water down there. Should kill most anything and also clear away any fatbergs and soapy deposits.
As for the drains being below the waterline, I rather like that. Boats with drains above the waterline often leave an unsightly foam carpet in the anchorage when doing their dishes.
We have plastic seacocks and thru-hulls and I coppercoated them all around and inside, right up to the ball valve. The only ones that see some growth are the ones not regularly used, such as the shower drain. A pipe brush from the outside clears that quickly though.
The elbow under the sink is there so that you can store more pots and pans underneath! A straight one would interfere with that